Page 353 - CITS - Electronic Mechanic - TT - 2024

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC - CITS

MODULE 22 : Servo motor

LESSON 237 - 241 : Servo Motor

Objectives

At the end of this lesson you shall be able to
• state the various steps involved in the condition of servo mechanism
• state the control method of servo motor
• study of servo drive.

Servo Mechanism

A servo mechanism is a closed-loop control system that uses feedback to control the position, velocity, or
acceleration of a mechanical system. It typically consists of a motor, a sensor (such as an encoder or potentiometer),
and a controller. The sensor provides feedback to the controller, which adjusts the motor’s output to achieve the
desired position or motion. Servo mechanisms are commonly used in robotics, aerospace systems, and industrial
automation for precise control of motion.

Servo Mechanism

Servo Motor
Working principal

A servo motor is a type of rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear
position, velocity, and acceleration. It consists of a motor coupled with a sensor for position feedback, typically
a potentiometer or an encoder. This feedback allows the servo motor to adjust its position accurately based on
the control signal it receives. Servo motors are widely used in various applications such as robotics, industrial
automation, CNC machinery, and remote-controlled vehicles due to their high precision and controllability.
Difference between Motors & Servo Motors
The main difference between a regular motor and a servo motor lies in their control and precision
1 Control: Regular motors typically rotate continuously when power is applied and require external control
mechanisms (such as motor drivers) to manage speed and direction. Servo motors, on the other hand,
incorporate built-in control systems that enable precise positioning and velocity control.
2 Precision: Servo motors are designed for high precision applications, allowing accurate control of position,
velocity, and acceleration. They typically incorporate feedback mechanisms (like encoders or potentiometers)
that provide information about the motor’s current position, enabling precise adjustments.

3 Usage: Regular motors are commonly used for tasks where simple rotational motion is required, such as
driving a fan or a conveyor belt. Servo motors excel in applications that demand precise and controlled motion,
such as robotic arms, CNC machines, and camera gimbals.
4 Cost: Servo motors tend to be more expensive than regular motors due to their built-in control systems and
precision components.

In summary, while both types of motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, servo motors offer
enhanced control and precision, making them ideal for applications requiring accurate positioning and motion
control.

Types of Servo Motor
Servo motors can be classified into various types based on their construction, control method, and application.
Here are some common types:

1 DC Servo Motors
These motors operate on DC power and are widely used in applications requiring precise control of position,
velocity, or acceleration.

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