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COMPUTER SOFTWARE APPLICATION - CITS




           2  SQL Proficiency Required: Proper knowledge of SQL is essential to effectively utilize and manipulate physical
              models. This requirement can be a barrier for users lacking SQL expertise.

           3  Impact of  Structural  Changes:  Even  minor  alterations  to  the  data  model’s  structure  can  necessitate
              significant modifications throughout the associated application, potentially causing disruptions and increased
              maintenance efforts.

           4  Lack of Standard Data Manipulation Language: Unlike SQL, which is a standardized language for database
              manipulation, data models don’t inherently provide a universally accepted data manipulation language.
           5  Requirement for Knowledge of Physical Data Storage: Creating a data model necessitates a comprehensive
              understanding of the characteristics of how data is physically stored, which can present a learning curve and
              barrier for some users.

           DBA(Database Administrator)
           A  Database  Administrator  (DBA)  is  an  individual  responsible  for  overseeing,  maintaining,  coordinating,  and
           operating a database management system. Their primary role involves managing, securing, and ensuring the
           smooth functioning of database systems. They hold the authority to grant database access, coordinate tasks,
           plan for capacity, install and monitor software, and procure hardware resources as required. Their responsibilities
           encompass a wide range of tasks, including configuration, database design, migration, security implementation,
           troubleshooting, backup management, and data recovery. Database administration plays a vital and central role
           within any organization relying on one or multiple databases. DBAs serve as the overall leaders and supervisors
           of the database system.
           Types of Database Administrator (DBA)

           There are several types of Database Administrators (DBAs), each specializing in different aspects of managing
           and maintaining databases. Here are some common types:
           1  Administrative DBA: Responsible for overall management of the database server, including tasks such as
              backup and recovery, security management, performance monitoring, and system maintenance.
           2  Development DBA: Focuses on designing, developing, and implementing the database structure based on
              the requirements of applications. They create database objects, optimize queries, and ensure efficient data
              access.
           3  Data Warehouse DBA: Specializes in managing data warehouses and data marts. They design and implement
              large-scale data repositories used for business intelligence and reporting.
           4  Cloud DBA: Manages databases hosted on cloud platforms. They ensure data availability, performance, and
              security in cloud environments.
           5  Application DBA: Works closely with application developers to optimize database performance for specific
              applications. They handle tasks like query tuning, indexing, and database design for application requirements.
           6  Backup and Recovery DBA: Focuses on creating and implementing strategies for data backup, recovery,
              and disaster planning to ensure data availability and minimize downtime.
           7  Performance Tuning  DBA:  Specializes  in  optimizing  database  performance.  They  monitor  and  analyze
              performance metrics, identifying and resolving performance bottlenecks.
           8  Security DBA: Concentrates on database security, implementing access controls, encryption, and auditing
              mechanisms to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access and breaches.

           9  Replication DBA: Manages database replication processes to ensure data consistency and availability across
              multiple database instances.
           10 Database Architect:  Designs  and  plans  the  overall  structure  of  the  database  system,  including  schema
              design, table relationships, and data integrity. They provide a blueprint for the database implementation.
           11 Disaster Recovery  DBA:  Focuses  on  creating  and  testing  disaster  recovery  plans  to  ensure  business
              continuity in case of data loss or system failures.

           12 Migration  DBA:  Specializes  in  migrating  data  from  one  database  platform  to  another. They  ensure  data
              accuracy, consistency, and minimal downtime during migrations.





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