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COMPUTER SOFTWARE APPLICATION - CITS

11 Concurrency Control: In multi-user environments, DBMS ensures that multiple users can access and
modify data simultaneously without conflicts.
12 Transaction Management: DBMS supports transactions, ensuring that a series of operations are completed
successfully or not at all.
13 Data Reporting: Users can generate reports and analyze data to extract valuable insights.
14 User Management: DBMS enables the management of user roles, permissions, and access levels to maintain
data security.
15 Data Relationships: It allows users to establish relationships between different tables, facilitating complex
data retrieval and analysis.

16 Data Validation: DBMS enforces data validation rules to ensure that entered data meets specified criteria.
17 Data Sharing: It enables data sharing across different applications and users while maintaining data integrity.
18 Data Migration: Users can transfer data between different databases or systems using DBMS tools.
19 Data Archiving: Older or less frequently used data can be archived to free up space while retaining accessibility.

20 Data Auditing: DBMS tracks changes and activities related to the database for auditing and compliance
purposes.
Characteristics of DBMS
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software application that facilitates the creation, maintenance,
and manipulation of databases. It acts as an intermediary between users or applications and the actual physical
database, providing an organized and controlled environment for storing and retrieving data. Here are some key
characteristics of a DBMS:
1 Data Abstraction: A DBMS provides a level of abstraction that hides the complex underlying details of how
data is stored and managed. This allows users and applications to interact with the database without needing
to understand its internal workings.
2 Data Integrity: DBMS systems enforce data integrity rules to ensure that the data stored in the database
remains accurate and consistent. This involves maintaining constraints, such as uniqueness, referential
integrity, and data validation, to prevent incorrect or conflicting data from being stored.
3 Data Security: DBMS systems offer various security mechanisms to control access to the database. This
includes user authentication, authorization, and access control, ensuring that only authorized users can
perform specific actions on the data.
4 Data Independence: DBMS systems provide a separation between the logical structure of the database and
its physical storage. This means that changes to the physical storage (such as moving to a different storage
device) can be made without affecting the way users and applications access the data.
5 Data Consistency: A DBMS ensures that data remains consistent even when multiple users or applications
are accessing and modifying it simultaneously. Techniques like transactions and locking mechanisms are used
to maintain data consistency.
6 Query Language: DBMS systems provide a structured query language (SQL) that allows users to interact
with the database using standardized commands. SQL enables users to retrieve, manipulate, and manage
data stored in the database.
7 Data Redundancy Elimination: DBMS systems help in reducing data redundancy by providing features like
normalization. This minimizes data duplication and improves data consistency.
8 Concurrent Access and Transaction Management: DBMS systems handle concurrent access to the
database by multiple users or applications. Transaction management ensures that a series of database
operations are treated as a single, indivisible unit, ensuring data integrity and consistency.
9 Backup and Recovery: DBMS systems offer mechanisms for data backup and recovery. Regular backups
help prevent data loss in case of hardware failures, software errors, or other unexpected events.
10 Scalability: A well-designed DBMS can be scaled to accommodate increasing amounts of data and growing
user loads. This can involve adding more hardware resources or optimizing the database structure.

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CITS : IT&ITES - Computer software application - Lesson 18 - 36