Page 122 - CITS - Electronic Mechanic - TT - 2024

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC - CITS

Four Key Components of IOT
• Device or sensor
• Connectivity

• Data processing
• Interface
IoT is a network of interconnected computing devices which are embedded in everyday objects, enabling them
to send and receive data.
Over 9 billion ‘Things’ (physical objects) are currently connected to the Internet, as of now. Soon, this number is
expected to rise to a whopping 20 billion.

Main Components Used in IoT
• Low-power embedded systems: Less battery consumption, high performance are the inverse factors that
play a significant role during the design of electronic systems.

• Sensors: Sensors are a major part of any IoT application. It is a physical device that measures and detects
certain physical quantities and converts it into signal which can be provided as an input to processing or
control unit for analysis purposes.
Smart Street Light
Smart street light systems using IoT technology are the next generation of street lighting systems that offer
improved energy efficiency, reduced costs, and better control and management of street lighting. The basic
concept of a smart street light system is to incorporate sensors, wireless communication, and intelligent controllers
into the street light infrastructure. These smart lights can be programmed to automatically turn on and off based
on the surrounding light levels, as well as other factors like pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Additionally, they can
be remotely monitored and controlled using IoT technology. IoT technology allows smart street light systems to
gather data and feedback on energy consumption, maintenance needs, and other important factors. This data can
then be used to optimize the system, improve energy efficiency, and reduce costs.Street lighting is a particularly
critical concern for public authorities in developing countries because of its strategic importance for economic
and social stability. Inefficient lighting wastes significant financial resources every year, and poor lighting creates
unsafe conditions. Energy efficient technologies and design mechanisms can reduce the cost of street lighting
drastically. Manual control is prone to errors and leads to energy wastage’s and manually dimming during mid-
night is impracticable. Also, dynamically tracking the light level is manually impracticable. The current trend is the
introduction of automation and remote management solutions to control streetlighting
Smart Water Management Systems
The concept of water management presupposes the implementation of a complex of measures for controlling
water quality and organizing the efficient use of water resources. A smart water management system is based on
the combination of IoT, AI, and big data technologies that help achieve the set goals by gathering and processing
real-time data related to water distribution.
A smart water management system is typically built to cover such processes and activities as developing, planning,
and monitoring the use of water resources in various sectors, including manufacturing, farming, agriculture, urban
infrastructure, etc.
Thanks to such solutions, farmers, businesses, and utility operators have the possibility to measure, evaluate,
and track not only the way water is distributed but also the water quality. As a result, such monitoring can also help
to timely detect water pollution and address tech issues that can lead to water waste.
How does a water management system work?
Smart water management has become possible to a greater extent thanks to progress in the IoT (Internet of
Things) sphere. Water monitoring is performed with the help of multiple sensors and microcontrollers, including
but not limited to flow, ultrasonic, salinity, temperature, conductivity, pressure, humidity, and luminosity sensors.
These devices should be installed on pumps and pipes for measuring various parameters that can provide
valuable insights into water quality, water distribution, water pollution, and other important aspects.

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CITS : E & H - Electronics Mechanic - Lesson 64 - 68