Page 123 - CITS - Electronic Mechanic - TT - 2024

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC - CITS

For example, by getting the most relevant information about water levels and flow, authorities can be able to
efficiently react to any dangerous changes detected.

All the data gathered by sensors and any message alerts generated by them are further transmitted to a cloud
server over the Internet. On the server, the data should be processed and analyzed. Today, quite often developers
apply AI tools that can detect patterns in the accumulated data, define any deviations from the norm, as well
as make accurate predictions. After that, the processed data becomes available to employees of the relevant
authorities or companies.
Embedded System in IoT
Embedded systems are specialized computer systems designed to perform specific functions within a larger
system. They are tightly integrated into a host device or product and are responsible for controlling its operation
and providing the desired functionality. Unlike general-purpose computers, which are designed to handle a wide
range of tasks, embedded systems are tailored to perform dedicated functions efficiently and reliably.
Embedded systems consist of a combination of hardware and software components carefully designed to work
together. The hardware components typically include microcontrollers or microprocessors, memory units, input/
output peripherals, and interfaces. These components are chosen based on the specific requirements of the
system, such as processing power, memory capacity, and communication capabilities.
Role of Embedded Systems in IoT:
Embedded systems play a crucial role in the success and functionality of the Internet of Things (IoT). They are the
backbone of IoT devices, enabling them to connect, communicate, and perform intelligent actions. The integration
of embedded systems in IoT opens up a world of possibilities, transforming everyday objects into smart devices
with advanced functionality.
One of the main roles of embedded systems in IoT is to collect data from various sensors and input devices.
They continuously monitor the environment, capturing information such as temperature, humidity, motion, light,
and more. This data is then processed and analyzed in real-time by the embedded system, enabling the device
to make intelligent decisions based on the gathered information.
Embedded systems also act as the control center of IoT devices, executing specific actions based on predefined
algorithms and logic. For example, in a smart home system, the embedded system may receive data from motion
sensors and adjust the temperature setting accordingly or activate security measures in response to suspicious
activities.
The integration of embedded systems in IoT devices facilitates seamless communication and connectivity. They
enable devices to exchange data with each other, forming complex networks that allow for increased automation
and coordination. Embedded systems utilize communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or
cellular networks to establish connections and interact with other IoT devices, cloud platforms, or user interfaces.
Embedded systems also play a vital role in enhancing the energy efficiency of IoT devices. They implement
power-saving algorithms and techniques to optimize energy consumption and prolong battery life. For example,
an embedded system in a smart lighting system can adjust the brightness or turn off lights when no one is present,
thereby conserving energy.
Moreover, embedded systems in IoT devices enable remote monitoring and control. They allow users to access
and manage their devices from anywhere using smartphones, tablets, or computers. This remote accessibility
provides convenience and enables real-time monitoring, control, and data analysis, enhancing the overall user
experience.
The integration of embedded systems in IoT devices has opened up countless possibilities for enhancing various
sectors such as healthcare, transportation, agriculture, industrial automation, and more. In healthcare, embedded
systems enable remote patient monitoring, medication adherence tracking, and personalized healthcare services.
In transportation, embedded systems power smart navigation systems, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and
autonomous driving features. In agriculture, embedded systems assist in precision farming, enabling efficient
water usage, pest control, and crop yield optimization.

The role of embedded systems in IoT is evolving rapidly, and as technology advances, we can expect to see
even more innovative applications and use cases. The seamless integration of physical devices with embedded
systems, connectivity, and intelligent functionalities paves the way for a smarter and more interconnected world.

108

CITS : E & H - Electronics Mechanic - Lesson 64 - 68