Page 78 - CITS - Fitter - Trade Theory

FITTER - CITS

6 Alloys: Many metals are combined with other elements to form alloys, which often exhibit improved proper-
ties compared to pure metals. Alloys can be tailored to specific applications based on their composition and
properties.
Example Of Metals
1 Iron (Fe): Iron is one of the most abundant metals on Earth and is widely used in construction, manufacturing,
and infrastructure. It is the primary constituent of steel, which is used in buildings, bridges, machinery, and
vehicles.
2 Aluminium (Al): Aluminium is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant metal with excellent strength-to-weight
ratio. It is used in aerospace, transportation, packaging, construction, and consumer goods.
3 Copper (Cu): Copper is valued for its excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. It is used in
electrical wiring, electronics, plumbing, roofing, and industrial machinery.
4 Gold (Au): Gold is highly valued for its rarity, beauty, and malleability. It is used in jewellery, currency, electron-
ics, and dentistry.

5 Silver (Ag): Silver is valued for its lustre, conductivity, and antibacterial properties. It is used in jewellery, table-
ware, electronics, and photography.
6 Steel: Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with additional elements such as chromium, nickel, and manga-
nese added to enhance its properties. It is used in construction, automotive manufacturing, machinery, and
infrastructure.

7 Titanium (Ti): Titanium is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant metal with high strength-to-weight ratio. It is
used in aerospace, medical implants, sporting goods, and marine applications.
8 Nickel (Ni): Nickel is used primarily as an alloying element in stainless steel and other alloys. It provides
corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and strength to alloys used in aerospace, chemical processing, and
electronics.

9 Zinc (Zn): Zinc is used primarily as a protective coating for steel (galvanization) to prevent corrosion. It is also
used in batteries, alloys, and pharmaceuticals.
10 Lead (Pb): Lead is dense, malleable, and corrosion-resistant. It is used in batteries, ammunition, radiation
shielding, and construction materials.
Difference Between Metals and Non-Metals:
Metals and non-metals are two distinct categories of elements on the periodic table, each characterized by unique
properties and behaviors. Here are some key differences between metals and non-metals:
1 Physical Properties:
• Metals: Metals typically have a shiny or metallic luster, are solid at room temperature (with the exception
of mercury), and have high melting and boiling points. They are generally good conductors of heat and
electricity, and they are malleable and ductile, meaning they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
(malleability) and drawn into wires (ductility).
• Non-metals: Non-metals can exhibit a variety of physical properties. They may be solids, liquids, or gases
at room temperature. They tend to have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals. Non-metals
are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they are brittle in nature, meaning they break or
shatter easily when subjected to stress.
2 Chemical Properties:
• Metals: Metals typically form positive ions (cations) by losing electrons during chemical reactions. They
tend to react with acids to produce hydrogen gas and with oxygen to form metal oxides. Many metals ex-
hibit corrosion or tarnishing when exposed to air or moisture.

• Non-metals: Non-metals can form negative ions (anions) by gaining electrons during chemical reactions.
They may react with metals to form ionic compounds or with other non-metals to form covalent compounds.
Non-metals often participate in oxidation-reduction reactions, where they gain electrons (reduction) or lose
electrons (oxidation).

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CITS : CG & M - Fitter - Lesson 11