Page 309 - Electrician - TT (Volume 2)

ELECTRICIAN - CITS

• Keep the switch in ‘OFF’ position and connect the load cables and battery cables to charge controller.

• Switch ‘ON’ the load (ie) lamps for the normal operation.
• Test the solar panel installation for it’s functioning.
(Fig 4a & b) shows the installed solar panel with mid clamp and with frame mounted installation are illustrated.

Fig 4

Functionality of solar panel

Sunlight is the basic fuel for a solar panel. Sunshine is the cause to keep the panel for normal functioning. But the
environment around the modules will affect it’s working.
The following few factors will affect it’s normal working cause for power loss.
- Tilt angle

- Dust
- Shading
- Light intensity
- Temperature

- Charge controller
- Semiconductor energy loss
- Cabling losses
- Improper connections
Tilt angle : The solar module must be installed in the proper path of sun and it is tilted properly at an angle, equal
to the latitude of the place. If any error in the tilt angle will lead to same amount of power loss.
Dust : If the modules is not cleaned properly, dust will form on the modules surface in the dry season, and it may
cause for high energy loss 5-10%.
Shading
Solar module faces the sun all day. Their shade should not be present on it. In such a place only it must be put
up. But due to extended free transformer, T.V antennas etc, may cause to present shades.
A solar modules are made of a string of individual solar cells and connected in series with one another. Suppose
as an example one cell from 36 cells in a module is fully shaded, the power output from the module will become
zero due to high resistance. But if one cell is 50% shaded then the power output is reduced to 50% only offers
high resistance.

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CITS : Power - Electrician & Wireman - Lesson 106-116