Page 64 - CITS - Electronic Mechanic - TT - 2024

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC - CITS

MODULE 3 : Microcontroller (8051)

LESSON 34 - 42 : Microcontroller

Objectives

At the end of this lesson you shall be able to
• state about the microcontroller
• explain about the types, features of microcontroller.

A microcontroller is a small and low-cost microcomputer, which is designed to perform the Specific tasks of
embedded systems like displaying microwave’s information, receiving remote signals, etc. The general
microcontroller consists of the processor, the memory (RAM, ROM, and EPROM), Serial ports, peripherals
(timers, counters), etc.
Block Diagram of a Microcontroller

Types of Microcontrollers

Microcontrollers are divided into various categories based on memory, architecture, bits and instruction sets.
Following is the list of their types −
Bit
Based on bit configuration, the microcontroller is further divided into three categories.
8-bit microcontroller− This type of microcontroller is used to execute arithmetic and logical operations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication division, etc. For example, Intel 8031 and 8051 are 8 bits microcontroller.
16-bit microcontroller− This type of microcontroller is used to perform arithmetic and logical operations where
higher accuracy and performance is required. For example, Intel 8096 is a 16-bit microcontroller.
32-bit microcontroller − This type of microcontroller is generally used in automatically controlled appliances like
automatic operational machines, medical appliances, etc.

Memory
Based on the memory configuration, the microcontroller is further divided into two categories.
External memory microcontroller − This type of microcontroller is designed in such a way that they do not have
a program memory on the chip. Hence, it is named as external memory microcontroller. For example: Intel 8031
microcontroller.

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