Page 37 - Mechanic Diesel - TT

MECHANIC DIESEL - CITS

• Denotes the level of expositive that nearly all workers can experience with out and unreasonable risk of
disease or injury.
• An advisor limit not enforceable by law.
• Generally, can be define as selling limit, short term exposure limit and time weighted averages.

• Usually equivalent to PELs
• Excursion Limit (ACGIH)
• Excursion in worker exposure levels exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total thirty minutes
during a work day.

• Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
• Recommended by NIOSH
• Indicates the concentration of substances to which a worker can be exposure up to a 10 hours work day
during a 40-hour work week without adverse effect.
• Based on the animal and human studies.
• Generally expressed as a selling limit, short term exposure limit, or a time weighted average often more
conservative then PELs and TLVs.
• Workplace Environmental Exposure Limits (WEELs)
• Developed by AIHA volunteers
• Advisor limit not enforceable by law
• Company Developed Limits

• Developed by company scientists
• Advisor limit not enforceable by law
• Usually based on only short-term studies of animals.
• Immediately dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) Concentration immediately dangerous to life or health from
which a worker could escape without any escape impairing symptom or any irreversible health effect (NIOSH/
OSHA)

• Tentative Biological Expose Limits & Health weights Limits: In fact, the human organism itself may be regarded
as a kind of sampling service. A worker’s body represent his own individual collector, resistor and monitor of his
personal exposure. To arrive at an accurate evaluation of toxic exposure effect limit. The biological exposure
(biological monitoring) has been gaining increasing attention recently. The tentative biological exposure limits
for the most important toxic substances present in industry have been developed.
The most modern approach is to consider the integral exposure resulting from all modes of entry. (Inhalation,
Ingestion, Skin absorption) Including exposure in the living environment. Adopting this approach WHO (World
Health Organization) study group recently published ‘health based limits’ for occupational exposure to some
common heavy metals.
10 Classification of hazards: Hazards can be classified as different types in several ways. One of these ways
is by specifying the origin of the hazard. One key concept in identifying a hazard is the presence of stored energy
that, when released, can cause damage. Stored energy can occur in many forms: chemical, mechanical, thermal,
radioactive, electrical, etc.
Another class of hazard does not involve release of stored energy, rather it involves the presence of hazardous
situations. Examples include confined or limited egress spaces, oxygen-depleted atmospheres, awkward
positions, repetitive motions, low-hanging or protruding objects, etc.
Hazards may also be classified as natural, anthropogenic, or technological. They may also be classified as health
or safety hazards and by the populations that may be affected, and the severity of the associated risk. In most
cases a hazard may affect a range of targets, and have little or no effect on others. Identification of hazards
assumes that the potential targets are defined.

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CITS : Automotive - Mechanic Diesel - Lesson 01 - 04