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COMPUTER SOFTWARE APPLICATION - CITS

4 Cable Television (CATV): Optical networks are used for distributing cable television signals to homes, allowing
for high-quality video and audio delivery.

Cross Connects: A cross connect is a physical or logical connection between two or more communication channels
within a network.
The purpose of a cross connect is to facilitate the routing of data between these channels without the need to go
through intermediate points.

Cross connects are commonly used in data centers and telecommunications facilities to create efficient and
flexible network architectures.
There are two main types of cross connects:

• Physical Cross Connect: In a physical cross connect, cables are physically connected to routing or switching
equipment to establish a direct link between two network interfaces. This is often done using patch panels,
where different cables can be connected or disconnected manually.

• Logical Cross Connect: A logical cross connect is a virtual or software-based connection that is established
within a network device, such as a router or switch. It involves configuring routing tables or software-defined
networking (SDN) controllers to direct traffic between specified endpoints.
LANs (Local Area Networks)
LANs (Local Area Networks): LANs are networks that cover a limited geographic area, such as a single building,
campus, or small group of buildings. LANs are used to connect devices like computers, printers, and servers
within a relatively close proximity. Ethernet is the most common technology used for LANs, and it provides high-
speed data transmission over twisted-pair copper cables or optical fibers.
In the context of optical networks, cross connects can be used to link different LAN segments within a larger
network infrastructure. This helps manage traffic efficiently and allows for scalability as the network grows.

Voice Over IP - Multimedia Networks

Voice Over IP (VoIP):
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that allows voice communication and multimedia sessions to
be transmitted over the Internet or other IP-based networks.
Instead of using traditional circuit-switched networks, VoIP converts voice signals into digital data packets and
transmits them over data networks.
This technology has revolutionized communication by enabling cost-effective and feature-rich voice communication,
as well as integration with other forms of multimedia content.
Key Features of VoIP:
1 Cost Savings: VoIP generally offers lower costs for long-distance and international calls compared to
traditional telephone services.
2 Rich Features: VoIP systems often include features such as call forwarding, voicemail, caller ID, conference
calling, and more.

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CITS : IT&ITES - Computer Software Application - Lesson 01-17