Page 29 - Mechanic Diesel - TT

MECHANIC DIESEL - CITS

Additional examples of P2 include using energy efficient machinery, developing clean-burning

fuel, reducing the amount of chemicals released into water sources, creating a production process that results in
a reduced amount of waste, and utilizing water conservation techniques.
Water pollution: Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities.
Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Water pollution results when
contaminants are introduced into the natural environment. For example, releasing inadequately treated wastewater
into natural water bodies can lead to degradation of aquatic ecosystems. In turn, this can lead to public problems
for people living downstream. Water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of death and disease, e.g. due to
water-borne diseases.
Sources of water pollution are either point sources or nonpoint sources.
1 Point sources have one identifiable cause of the pollution, such as a storm drain or a wastewater treatment
plant
2 Non-point sources are more diffuse, such as agricultural runoff.
The effects can damage individual species and impact the natural biological communities they are part of. Water
pollution is measured by analyzing water samples. Physical, chemical and biological tests can be conducted.
Control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure and management plans. The infrastructure may
include wastewater treatment plants. Sewage treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment plants are
usually required to protect water bodies from untreated wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment for farms
and erosion control at construction sites can also help prevent water pollution. Nature-based solutions are another
approach to prevent water pollution. Effective control of urban runoff includes reducing speed and quantity of flow.
In the United States, best management practices for water pollution include approaches to reduce the quantity of
water and improve water quality. (Fig 14)

Fig 14

A Control of water pollution in industry: Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that is similar to
domestic sewage and can be treated by sewage treatment plants. Industries that generate wastewater with
high concentrations of organic matter (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic
compounds) or nutrients such as ammonia, need specialized treatment systems.
Some industries install a pre-treatment system to remove some pollutants (e.g., toxic compounds), and then
discharge the partially treated wastewater to the municipal sewer system. Industries generating large volumes of
wastewater typically operate their own treatment systems. Some industries have been successful at redesigning
their manufacturing processes to reduce or eliminate pollutants, through a process called pollution prevention.

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CITS : Automotive - Mechanic Diesel - Lesson 01 - 04