Page 98 - CITS - Fitter - Trade Theory

FITTER - CITS

Operation:
• CNC lathes are programmed using G-code, a standardized programming language that specifies tool
movements, spindle speeds, feed rates, and other machining parameters.
• Machinists create CNC programs using CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing)
software, which generates toolpaths based on the part design.

• Once the program is loaded into the CNC lathe’s control unit, the machine automatically executes the
programmed instructions to perform turning, facing, drilling, threading, and other operations.
• During operation, sensors and feedback mechanisms ensure precise control of tool movements, spindle
speeds, and cutting forces to achieve the desired part geometry and surface finish.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of CNC lathe:
 Advantages:

1 High Precision: CNC lathes offer exceptional accuracy and repeatability, leading to precise machining of
complex geometries with tight tolerances. This result in consistent part quality and reduced scrap rates.
2 Increased Productivity: Automation of machining processes reduces manual intervention, setup time, and
idle time between operations. CNC lathes can run continuously, leading to higher productivity and throughput
compared to manual lathes.
3 Versatility: CNC lathes can perform a wide range of turning operations, including facing, contouring, threading,
drilling, and grooving. They can machine various materials such as metals, plastics, and composites, making
them suitable for diverse manufacturing applications.
4 Flexibility: CNC programs can be easily modified to accommodate design changes or produce different parts
without the need for extensive retooling. This flexibility allows manufacturers to adapt quickly to evolving
production requirements and market demands.
5 Reduced Labour Costs: CNC lathes require less skilled labour compared to manual lathes. Operators
primarily focus on programming, setup, and monitoring, reducing labour costs and dependency on highly
skilled machinists.

6 Automation Features: CNC lathes often feature automatic tool changers, part probing systems, and coolant
systems, further enhancing productivity and efficiency. These automation features streamline machining
processes and minimize downtime.
 Disadvantages:
1 Initial Investment: CNC lathes are expensive to purchase and install, requiring a significant initial investment
in machine acquisition, training, and infrastructure. This cost may be prohibitive for small-scale or budget-
constrained manufacturers.
2 Complex Programming: Programming CNC lathes requires specialized skills and knowledge of CAD/CAM
software and G-code programming. The complexity of programming can pose a learning curve for operators
and programmers, leading to longer setup times and potential errors.
3 Dependency on Electricity and Software: CNC lathes rely on electricity to power their motors, controls,
and peripherals. Power outages or electrical issues can halt production and require backup systems or
contingency plans. Additionally, reliance on software introduces the risk of software glitches, compatibility
issues, or cybersecurity threats.
4 Maintenance and Downtime: CNC lathes require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and
prevent breakdowns. Downtime for maintenance, repairs, or troubleshooting can disrupt production schedule
sand lead to lost revenue.
5 Limited Manual Control: While CNC lathes offer automation and precision, they may lack the flexibility and
tactile feedback of manual lathes. Operators have limited manual control over tool movements and machining
parameters, which can be a disadvantage for certain applications or machining techniques.
6 Specialized Training Requirements: Operating and programming CNC lathes require specialized training
and expertise. Manufacturers must invest in training programs to ensure their workforce has the necessary
skills to operate CNC equipment effectively and safely.

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CITS : CG & M - Fitter - Lesson 13