Page 314 - Mechanic Diesel - TT

MECHANIC DIESEL - CITS

Electric car and Hybrid car

Objectives: At the end of this lesson you shall be able to
• differentiate between Electric car and Hybrid Car
• demonstrate components of Electric Car
• demonstrate components of Hybrid Car.

Introduction to Hybrid and Electronic Vehicles
The early 20th century saw its sisters having electric as well as internal combustion engines. The most common
of all these types of buses were electric buses.
The main reason for this was that to start vehicles with internal combustion engines, their cranks needed to be
turned, which was a difficult task. This problem was solved with the invention of the electromechanical ICE starter.
The main advantage of the ICK was that it could be filled with fuel in the tank and could travel a long distance.
This was the reason why ICE vehicles soon put electric vehicles out of use.
But as the number of vehicles increased, the negative sides of ICE vehicles also started appearing. Air quality
and noise pollution, mainly in urban areas, deteriorated significantly with the increase in the number of vehicles.
Keeping all these things in mind, the need arose to find alternatives for 10 vehicles. Thus, electric vehicles came
back to the center stage again.
First of all, in the year 1906, General Motors introduced an electric vehicle model called EVI-1 and in the next
3 years more than 1000 units were sold but due to reasons like limited battery technology, reduction in battery
capacity and low starting distance (about 100 km) etc. it’s a long journey
Made unsuitable for. To eliminate all these problems, hybrid electric vehicles were invented. In the year 1997,
Japan introduced the first hybrid electric vehicle, Toyota Prius.

The main advantage of this vehicle is that in urban environments it can be run on battery power and during long
journeys it can be run on internal combustion engine. The battery can also be charged while running the internal
combustion engine.

However, the next challenge was how to charge the vehicle’s battery without an internal combustion engine and
fuel. This led to the development of the idea of hybrid electric vehicles that could be charged from electric grids.
Currently, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that can be charged from electric grids are being developed
rapidly.
The main advantage of these vehicles is that the user is not at all required to use fuel for daily needs. Most of
these vehicles have a battery autonomy of around 50 km. Which meet the needs of an average consumer?
Although ‘plug-in’ hybrid electric vehicle technology is at the cutting edge, the manufacturing of batteries used in
these vehicles still requires high technology. There is a possibility of increase in hybrid-electric type vehicles in the
coming time but this will not happen overnight. This is a process that can be leveraged for decades. What speeds
up this process is society’s willingness to accept and support these changes.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are zero emission vehicles. The vehicle operates on compressed hydrogen fed into a
fuel cell ‘stack’, which supplies electricity to power the vehicle. Fuel cells can be used in conjunction with electric
motors to drive a vehicle quietly, powerfully and cleanly.
A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is powered by a group of fuel cells. These fuel cells are called fuel cell tanks. The
stack is designed to contain enough cells to provide the power required for automotive applications. A fuel cell,
like an internal combustion engine, continues to produce power as long as fuel is available in it.
The electricity generated by the fuel cell tank powers the electric motor that propels the vehicle. Each fuel cell
consists of an anode, a cathode and a proton exchange membrane. Hydrogen from the tank installed on the
vehicle enters the anode side of the fuel cell and oxygen taken from the air enters the cathode side.

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CITS : Automotive - Mechanic Diesel - Lesson 88 - 93 CITS : Automotive - Mechanic Diesel - Lesson 88 - 93