Page 51 - CITS - WCS - Mechanical

WORKSHOP SCIENCE - CITS

EXERCISE 2 : Engineering Materials

Classification properties and uses of ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, alloys etc. Properties and uses
of non-metals such as wood, plastic, rubber, ceramics industrial adhesives.
The Engineering materials are used to bring the mechanical strength and stiffness. There are different classes
of engineering materials that is includes composites, ceramics, polymers, and metals. These materials have an
intrinsic property to oppose the damage due to the presence of the microstructures inside the materials.
The engineering materials are mainly classified as:

1 Metals and their alloys, such as Copper, Steel, Iron, Aluminum, etc.
2 Non-metals, such as plastic, glass rubber, etc.
Metal is a solid material that conducts heat & electricity, hard, shiny, fusible, ductile, and malleable. Metals are
substances that have the tendency to donate electrons. Metals are electropositive in nature because all metals
lose electrons from their outermost shell in order to become stable and hence become positively charged. They
are electropositive in nature.

The engineering materials can mostly be classified as
a Ferrous Metals (M.s, steel, C.I, etc)
b Non-ferrous Metals (aluminum, copper, magnesium, nickel, titanium)
c Plastics (thermoplastics, thermo sets)

d Ceramics and Diamond e) Composite Materials
f Nano-materials.
The engineering materials are often primarily selected based on their mechanical, physical, chemical and
manufacturing properties.

Metals & Alloys
• Metals: Elements which give up electrons to form metallic bonds.
• Strength, lustrous, opaque to light, ductile, dimensional stability , malleable, good electrical and thermal
conductivity.
• Crystalline in nature (Ordered arrangement of atoms).
• Castability, forgeability, machinability, weldability
• Metals are classified into two.
• Ferrous metal: Principal constituent iron. Ex: Cast iron, Wrought iron, Steel.

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